![]() UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: So I'm going to reach up here, give her a little tap on top of her rump. VEDANTAM: Clickers have been used for many years to train animals. Since a mirror was too bulky to haul around, Levy turned to another tool - a red, plastic clicker. He felt that if he could provide the same kind of nonjudgemental, instantaneous feedback that the mirror had given him, his residents might learn skills faster. Levy teaches residents the basic skills of orthopedic surgery, which look a lot like carpentry. He's an orthopedic surgeon who has been fixing broken athletes for more than 40 years. VEDANTAM: Levy decided to take what he'd learned into his day job. And by mirroring that, I could feel what it felt like and now execute. VEDANTAM: The feedback from the mirror was allowing him to see what he was doing wrong and to fix it in real time. And now I could throw at the mirror and make sure that my thumb was under the pinky. Like, I could feel the stress in my forearm. While I'm doing that, I could feel what my forearm felt. Now what I could do was to walk over to the mirror, and I could put my thumb in a position where it was below my pinky. LEVY: And what became immediately evident was my thumb was higher than my pinky. He put a net in front of a mirror and watched himself as he threw the Frisbee. VEDANTAM: In 2012, he decided to try something different. My thumb had to be lower than my pinky in order for this to work. The thing that I knew was that the position of my hand was critical. MARTIN LEVY: I had coaches waving at me, telling me to change the position of my hand, screaming at me while I was throwing, and the disc still failed. He gets a kick out of all the cool, weird moves you can do with a flying disc. ![]() SHANKAR VEDANTAM, BYLINE: Martin Levy loves to play Frisbee. ![]() Well, today, one doctor is asking if the clicker can help train surgeons. Each step performed correctly is marked with a click. This is a way of shaping a behavior that you want, like getting your dog to sit, by slowing things down into these tiny incremental steps. If you have ever trained a dog, chances are, you have heard of clicker training.
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